In Wales, an ancient winter tradition is being revived: who is Mari Lwyd.

According to ТСН: During the winter holidays in Wales, one of the most interesting traditions is celebrated — Mari Lwyd, which means 'grey horse'. This is a special structure made from a horse's skull, adorned with ribbons, sometimes with glass eyes. The skull is attached to a long pole and covered with a white cloth. The participants who carry Mari Lwyd move the jaws of the skull, creating a terrifying sound.

The sense of the Mari Lwyd figure

Scholars believe that the Mari Lwyd tradition originates from pre-Christian beliefs about winter spirits and entities that manifest during the period when the worlds of the living and the dead are closest to each other.The figure of the 'grey horse' symbolizes:

• the transition between the old and new year,

• the cleansing of space, as the arrival of Mari Lwyd was meant to 'sweep away' all that is stagnant and evil,

• testing the household, as hosts must demonstrate their hospitality and skill in singing competitions,

• protection and blessing, if the participants received refreshments and were allowed into the home.

For many researchers, Mari Lwyd embodies winter’s power, whose purpose is not only to frighten but also to rejuvenate the community, bring luck, and balance the dark and light aspects of the season.

How the ritual is conducted

Mari Lwyd is accompanied by a group of participants who go from house to house, performing traditional songs and engaging in playful verbal 'duels' with the hosts. After winning such 'white songs', they earn the right to enter the home.

Previously, the ritual included elements of mischief — frightening children, symbolic 'theft' of food, or 'sucking warmth' from the household. It was believed that all this was part of the home purification rite.

History and modernity

The earliest documented mentions of Mari Lwyd date back to the early 19th century. Although the tradition declined over time, in the 20th century, it was revived as an element of Wales' cultural heritage. Today, Mari Lwyd is once again actively celebrated during winter festivals, combining folklore, theatrical elements, and ancient symbols.

The 'grey horse' has become an important symbol for tourists and a cultural phenomenon — an embodiment of a spooky yet impressive reminder of the depth of European winter traditions.

The Mari Lwyd tradition not only preserves a unique cultural heritage but also allows communities to feel connected to their roots. The revival of this practice reflects the growing interest in the traditions and customs that have shaped Wales' culture over the centuries. This festival continues to attract attention from both locals and tourists, becoming an essential part of the winter calendar.