Hosni Mubarak

Date of birth: 05.04.1928

Place of birth. Education. He was born in the village of Kafr el-Musylha in the Al-Minufiya governorate in the Nile delta. In 1949, he graduated from the military academy, and in 1952 - from the Air Force Academy. He later underwent military training in the USSR.

Career. He participated in the Suez War of 1956 and in the civil war of 1962-1963 in Yemen as part of the Egyptian contingent, commanding a squadron of bombers.

In 1969, the President appointed Mubarak as the head of the Egyptian Air Force Staff. In 1972, he became the commander of the Air Force and Deputy Minister of Defense of Egypt, and the following year he received the rank of air marshal.

Since 1965, he commanded an air brigade and was the commander of the air base in Cairo.

He participated in the Arab-Israeli War of 1967.

Since 1967, he was the commander of the Air Force Academy.

In 1970, he was appointed as the head of the Egyptian Air Force Staff. He led several successful Air Force operations in 1970-1972 during the war between Egypt and Israel.

In 1972, he became the commander of the Air Force and Deputy Minister of Defense of Egypt. In 1973, he commanded Air Force operations during the Yom Kippur War.

In 1974, he was promoted to Chief Air Marshal.

In 1975, he became Vice President.

In 1978, he became Vice Chairman of the National Democratic Party of Egypt, and in 1981, General Secretary of the party.

In 1981, he assumed the position of the deceased President who died in a coup. He was re-elected by a majority vote in referendums in 1987, 1993, and 1999. In 2005, he was elected in a new electoral system.

In 1989 and 1993, he was the chairman of the Organization of African Unity.

In February 2011, he resigned from the presidency due to social protests, transferring power to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces.

In 2012, Mubarak was sentenced to life imprisonment for abuse of power and involvement in the killings of protesters in Cairo. In November 2014, Mubarak was acquitted in this case.

In April 2015, there were reports of Mubarak's death, but no official confirmation occurred.

In January 2016, the appellate court upheld the ruling against Mubarak and his sons in the corruption case, imposing three years in prison and a fine of over $15.5 million.

On March 2, 2017, the Egyptian Cassation Court annulled all charges against Mubarak related to the killing of protesters during the January Revolution of 2011. This decision is final and cannot be appealed. Consequently, all criminal proceedings against Hosni Mubarak were terminated. Other defendants in the case, including the former Minister of Interior and six senior officials, were already acquitted, and criminal groups behind the 'Muslim Brotherhood' and Hamas were found guilty. On March 24, Mubarak left the military hospital and returned home after six years in prison.

Titles and awards. Awarded the highest Egyptian orders 'Military Star of Honor' (1973), 'Star of Sinai' (1973), 'Necklace of the Nile' (1974), other orders and medals of Egypt. Almost all decorations were received during his military service. For 30 years in the presidency, he received only commemorative badges and awards from foreign states. Winner of the Jawaharlal Nehru Award.

Family. Married to Suzanne Thabet. The couple has two sons - Alaa and Gamal. In September 2018, Alaa and Gamal Mubarak were arrested on charges of manipulating the stock market during their father's rule.

Death. On February 25, 2020, Hosni Mubarak passed away at the age of 91.

02.25.2020