Why Anti-Ukrainian Sentiment Is Growing in Poland During Wartime.

Ukraine-Poland Relations Under Scrutiny

According to Espreso.tv: Relations between Ukraine and Poland have drawn heightened attention in recent years, particularly due to Polish politicians' reactions to historical events, rising anti-Ukrainian sentiment, and shifting public attitudes toward Ukrainians amid the ongoing war. Examining these issues requires looking at key facts that reveal how perceptions of history and national memory are evolving. For English-speaking readers, it is important to note that Poland has been one of Ukraine's strongest allies since Russia's full-scale invasion began in 2022, yet underlying tensions persist.

Jerzy Hoffman's film 'With Fire and Sword' has remained popular in Poland for 25 years. This movie, which portrays historical events tied to Ukrainian history, continues to shape Polish society's views of Ukraine. However, in the context of current political developments—especially the war in Ukraine—shifts in Poland's official policies are particularly significant.

Official Policy Changes

In 2023, Poland's Institute of National Memory removed the deportations carried out under Operation Vistula from its list of crimes. This decision may signal a shift in how historical events that have affected bilateral relations are assessed. Notably, since 2015, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) has been recognized as a force fighting for Ukraine's independence, reflecting changes in both Ukrainian and Polish narratives.

Furthermore, since 2018, the Polish parliament has extended combatant status to former UPA soldiers. This step acknowledges these individuals' contributions to the fight for independence, which could foster more positive perceptions of Ukrainians in Poland.

Nevertheless, difficulties rooted in historical grievances remain. As Jerzy Hoffman stated:

“Hatred has grown into hearts and poisoned brotherly blood” — Jerzy Hoffman

These words underscore the challenges both nations face in reconciling their history with contemporary interactions. Thus, while historical facts and events continue to shape Ukraine-Poland relations, there is a visible evolution in how Polish society views Ukrainians—especially against the backdrop of the war in Ukraine.

Changes in the perception of historical events and Poland's official policies may indicate a gradual improvement in relations between Ukraine and Poland. Despite existing difficulties, including historical grievances, a shared struggle for independence and new emphases in political dialogue could help strengthen the partnership between the two countries. In the face of modern challenges like the war in Ukraine, the importance of open and constructive relations between neighboring states becomes even more pressing.