Staff shortage forces companies to revise age limits: whom they seek.

The director of the Institute of Demography and Social Research of the NASU, Ella Libanova, told Spiegel in an interview about significant changes in the labor market in Ukraine due to the full-scale war.

According to her, mobilization has led to women and elderly men replacing conscripted men in workplaces.

Employers are now interested in this category of workers, especially those who are 60 years old and not conscripts, because they have become "ideal workers".

The Ministry of Economy claims that Ukraine lacks 4.5 million workers. This problem existed before the war, but the conflict exacerbated the shortage of personnel.

Libanova also noted the peculiarities of migration in Ukraine during the war. At the beginning of the conflict, over 1.5 million Ukrainians went abroad, but now there is no significant increase in migration in any direction. Instead, there is active internal displacement of people from the east of the country to the west and to central regions.

According to the expert, the number of Kyiv residents returned to pre-war levels, but their composition has changed: local residents who left were replaced by internally displaced persons from other regions.

In general, the labor market situation in Ukraine remains difficult. The number of vacancies is increasing, but resumes are not being submitted as actively. This leads to wage increases, but due to inflation, the real growth of income is slowing down.

According to the estimates of the International Labour Organization, a workforce shortage of 8.6 million people may arise in Ukraine over the next 10 years.

Previously, the most profitable professions in Kyiv for Ukrainians earning up to 34 thousand hryvnias were named.