The Genetic Secret of Longevity: Why Centenarians Have Hunter-Gatherer DNA.

According to ТСН: Scientists from Italy have discovered genetic markers that may contribute to longer life. The research showed that people who reach the age of one hundred have a higher share of DNA related to ancient hunter-gatherers of Western Europe.

Researchers from the University of Bologna conducted a detailed analysis of the genomes of over a thousand Italians, among whom 333 individuals have already crossed the 100-year age mark. They compared the obtained data with the genetic information of ancient populations, including samples from the Bronze Age and Neolithic farmers of the Middle East.

Genetic Link to the Mesolithic

The analysis showed that centenarians more frequently carry genetic material characteristic of Western Hunter-Gatherers (WHG) from the Mesolithic era. These groups lived around 9,000 to 14,000 years ago, following the last Ice Age. They had dark skin, light eyes, and a robust physique, and their survival relied on hunting and foraging for berries in moderately warm climates.

In the study published in the journal GeroScience, the scientists noted:

"Our research indicates for the first time that the genomes of centenarians exhibit a closer genetic affinity to WHG ancestors. In particular, we recorded a significant concentration of this genetic component among Italian centenarians, which likely has a positive impact on aging mechanisms."

Unknown Aspects

The study showed that only certain genetic changes inherited from hunter-gatherers were found to be more prevalent among individuals with significant longevity. Other genetic lineages did not demonstrate the same strong influence on longevity. Clear biological mechanisms by which this ancient DNA may prolong life remain unresolved, so scientists plan to continue their research.

The Life of Hunter-Gatherers

The culture of hunter-gatherers is an essential part of human history. Their ancestors, who lived around two million years ago, engaged in hunting, gathering honey, insects, and wild plants, which ensured the survival of early hominids. Social groups were usually small, ranging from extended families to a few dozen individuals, leading a nomadic lifestyle.

Despite the agricultural revolution that began about 12,000 years ago, some traditions of hunter-gatherers have persisted to this day. For example, the Hadza people in Tanzania continue to adhere to their original way of life for over ten thousand years.

The study of ancient human remains, such as the skeleton of Cheddar Man, who lived in what is now Great Britain around 10,000 years ago, allows for a better understanding of the appearance of the first inhabitants of the British Isles. Genetically, he also belongs to the Western Hunter-Gatherers. The diet of his group consisted of nuts, seeds, and the meat of deer and wild cattle.

Modern Perspectives on Longevity

Advances in science and medicine significantly increase life expectancy. For instance, in the UK, by 2024, the number of people who have reached the age of 100 will exceed 16,600, which is double that of two decades ago. Women remain the dominant group among centenarians, numbering over 13,500. The absolute world record for longevity belongs to Jeanne Calment from France, who lived for 122 years.

Factors of the Blue Zones

Experts studying the secrets of longevity emphasize that in so-called Blue Zones—regions of the world where people often live to be 100 years old—genetics is not the only important factor. Key factors include regular physical activity, a sense of purpose, strong faith, social support, and love from close ones. Even daily movement activities, such as regular walks, can contribute to a long and healthy life.

These results underscore the importance of genetic studies in understanding longevity mechanisms. At the same time, they indicate that a long life is not solely dependent on heredity but is shaped by all aspects of a person's life. Studying centenarians from various corners of the world may help uncover new approaches to improving the quality of life at all stages. Thus, scientists hope to unravel the mysteries of aging while also enhancing people's lives today.