Why the Legendary Bogatyrs Were Rusyns, Not Russians.

The Bogatyrs of the Kyiv Cycle and Their Significance

According to TSN.ua: The heroic figures of the Kyiv Cycle, including Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, and Alyosha Popovich, hold profound historical importance for understanding the cultural identity of Kyivan Rus. These epic heroes symbolize not just a tradition of valor, but also a specific belonging to the Rus state, a heritage that is subject to modern reinterpretation, particularly in Russia. Ukrainian historian and head of the Institute of National Memory, Oleksandr Alfiorov, emphasizes that the term 'Ruskyi' is an adjective denoting affiliation with the Rus polity. This distinction is central to ongoing historical debates in Eastern Europe.

It is crucial to note that the term 'Rusyns' historically referred to people originating from Rus, a concept that persisted in some regions until the 18th and even the 20th century. Alfiorov clarifies this point:

'Who were called Rusyns? Who called themselves Rusyns? Ukrainians. In some regions until the 18th century, and in some regions until the 20th century inclusive.' Oleksandr Alfiorov

Historical Figures and Their Identity

Ilya Muromets, one of the most famous bogatyrs, hailed from the ancient town of Moroviisk, located between Kyiv and Chernihiv. His relics are preserved in the caves of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, adding to his significance in Ukrainian history. Scientific examination of his remains has revealed signs of a severe musculoskeletal disease, and his height was approximately 180 centimeters.

According to Oleksandr Alfiorov, 'if we speak of Dobrynya Nikitich, Ilya Muromets, and Alyosha Popovich, who were Rusyns—that is, they specifically originated from and belonged to Rus—then their identity was Rusyn.' These historical characters have transcended folklore to become symbols of national identity, underscoring their vital place in the history of Kyivan Rus.

Simultaneously, there is concern among historians and cultural experts as history textbooks in Russia are being rewritten to exclude information about Kyiv as the center of Rus. This alters the perception of history and cultural heritage.

The topic of the Kyiv Cycle bogatyrs remains relevant, as their identity and connection to Rus are key elements for studying history and shaping national consciousness. The situation with the revision of historical facts in Russia highlights the importance of preserving cultural heritage and historical memory in Ukraine. In the context of contemporary geopolitical events, understanding cultural identity through figures like the Kyiv bogatyrs is crucial for fostering national awareness and supporting an accurate historical narrative. It also demonstrates how history can be instrumentalized for political purposes, underscoring the need for active discourse on the truthfulness and accuracy of historical accounts.