Archaeologists have found poisoned arrows dating back 60,000 years: what this changes.

According to ТСН: Archaeologists in South Africa have discovered chemical traces of toxic substances on quartz arrowheads that are approximately 60,000 years old. This discovery indicates that ancient hunters used bows much earlier than previously thought and improved their weapons with toxic mixtures to enhance their effectiveness.

The research, published in the journal Science Advances, is based on a detailed analysis of microscopic residues found on artifacts from the Umhlatuzana rock shelter. Scientists identified two alkaloids - bufotenin and epibufotenin, produced by the toxic South African plant Boophone disticha. This plant is known for its ability to affect the nervous system even in very small quantities.

The study of toxin residues on arrows approximately 250 years old, preserved in Swedish museums, confirmed the coincidence of chemical composition. This became key evidence that plant toxins had been used in hunting technologies for thousands of years.

The impact of poisoned arrows on hunting

Scientists suggest that the use of poisoned arrows changed approaches to hunting. Instead of quick hits, hunters could weaken their prey from a distance, reducing risks for themselves and expanding the list of potential targets.

Experts emphasize that the use of poison indicates the complex thinking of early humans, which required knowledge of plants, skills in processing toxins, understanding their effects, and planning the pursuit of prey.

The detection of toxic substances on ancient arrowheads opens new horizons in understanding the hunting practices of our ancestors. This research highlights their ingenuity and knowledge of surrounding plants that helped enhance hunting effectiveness. It is also important to recognize that such technologies were used for thousands of years, which not only indicates the evolution of weapons but also the ability of society to adapt to the challenges of nature.